Main Article Content

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the e-readiness of faculty members during the pandemic COVID-19. It also identified the technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge solutions influencing the success of e-learning in medical education from the viewpoint of faculty members. Hundred faculty members working at Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran participated in a mixed-method study including quantitative and qualitative phases. In the quantitative arm, the Likert-based Archambault & Crippen questionnaire was applied to measure the e-readiness of faculty members. In the qualitative arm, participants answered the 4 online open-ended questions consisting of three domains (pedagogical, technical, and content), and several themes were constructed from the gathered qualitative data. In quantitative analysis the Friedman test revealed that the knowledge of faculty members in the field of content knowledge was the most and in the field of technological knowledge was the least (p≤0.001(. Besides, in the subjective interpretation of qualitative data, leadership and educational management were the most frequent themes. Moreover, regarding the pedagogical solutions, the focus principally was on the teaching-learning domain followed by revising curriculum planning. In addition, considering the content solution, the concentration predominantly was on the domain of the development of educational resources. From the viewpoint of faculty members, the challenge of the shift to e-learning and pedagogical, technological, and content solutions for e-readiness of faculty members can be resolved through planning and performing professional development programs and this cannot be achieved without effective leadership.

Keywords

Medical Education e-Learning e-Readiness Mixed Method Study Leadership

Article Details

How to Cite
Naghashpour, M., Almanie, A., & Seneysel Bachari, S. (2023). A survey research for e-learning readiness of faculty members during the COVID-19 pandemic: Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge Solution for e-Learning improvement from the viewpoint of faculty members. Journal of E-Learning and Knowledge Society, 19(2), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/1135739

References

  1. Altunisik, R. (2012). The role of leadership in the success of e-learning programs: The case of Sakarya University e-MBA program. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 55, 539-546.
  2. Archambault, L., & Crippen, K. (2009). Examining TPACK among K-12 online distance educators in the United States. Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education, 9(1), 71-88.
  3. Archambault LM, B. J. (2010). Revisiting technological pedagogical content knowledge: Exploring the TPACK framework. Computers & Education, 55(4), 1656-1662.
  4. Awad, F. R., & siddik, M. S. M. (2019). The Readiness of Countries for E-Learning with Special Focusing on the Sudanese Experience. (Ed.),^(Eds.).
  5. Bediang, G., Stoll, B., Geissbuhler, A., Klohn, A. M., Stuckelberger, A., Nko'o, S., & Chastonay, P. (2013). Computer literacy and E-learning perception in Cameroon: the case of Yaounde Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. BMC Med Educ, 13, 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-57
  6. Benta, D., Bologa, G., Dzitac, S., & Dzitac, I. (2015). University level learning and teaching via e-learning platforms. Procedia Computer Science, 55, 1366-1373.
  7. Dagada R, C. A. (2013). Integration of E-Learning into Curriculum Delivery at University Level in South Africa. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design, 3(1), 53-65.
  8. Darabi A, L. X., Suryavanshi R , Yurekli H. (2013). Effectiveness of Online Discussion Strategies: A Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Distance Education 27(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2013.837651
  9. Davidson, G. S. V., & Rasmussen, K. L. (2006). Web-based learning: Design, implementation, and evaluation. New Jersey: Pearson.
  10. De Coster, I., Forsthuber, B., Oberheidt, S., Parveva, T., & Glass, A. (2008). Higher Education Governance in Europe: Policies, Structures, Funding and Academic Staff. ERIC.
  11. Delungahawatta, T., Dunne, S. S., Hyde, S., Halpenny, L., McGrath, D., O'Regan, A., & Dunne, C. P. (2022). Advances in e-learning in undergraduate clinical medicine: a systematic review. BMC Med Educ, 22(1), 711. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03773-1
  12. Dembowski, F. (2006). The Changing Roles of Leadership and Management in Educational Administration. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 1(1), n1.
  13. Driscoll, M. (2010). Web-based training: Creating e-learning experiences. John Wiley & Sons.
  14. Ebner M, S. S., Braun C, Ebner M, Grigoriadis Y,Haas M , Leitner P , Taraghi B. (2020). COVID-19 Epidemic as E-Learning Boost? Chronological Development and Effects at an Austrian University against the Background of the Concept of “E-Learning Readiness”. Future Internet 12(6), 94. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12060094
  15. Eisinga, R., Heskes, T., Pelzer, B., & Te Grotenhuis, M. (2017). Exact p-values for pairwise comparison of Friedman rank sums, with application to comparing classifiers. BMC Bioinformatics, 18(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-017-1486-2
  16. Eslaminejad, T., Masood, M., & Ngah, N. A. (2010). Assessment of instructors' readiness for implementing e-learning in continuing medical education in Iran. Med Teach, 32(10), e407-412. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2010.496006
  17. Eslaminejad, T., Masood, M., & Ngah, N. A. (2010). Assessment of instructors’ readiness for implementing e-learning in continuing medical education in Iran. Medical teacher, 32(10), e407-e412.
  18. Frehywot, S., Vovides, Y., Talib, Z., Mikhail, N., Ross, H., Wohltjen, H., Bedada, S., Korhumel, K., Koumare, A. K., & Scott, J. (2013). E-learning in medical education in resource constrained low- and middle-income countries. Hum Resour Health, 11, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-11-4
  19. Gyaase PO, G. S., Kuranchie A. (2019). Gauging the E-readiness for the integration of information and communication technology into pre-tertiary education in Ghana: an assessment of teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Int J Inf Commun Technol Educ, 15. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJICTE.2019040101
  20. Hertling, S. F., Back, D. A., Kaiser, M., Loos, F. M., Schleussner, E., & Graul, I. (2023). Students' and lecturers' perspectives on the implementation of online learning in medical education due to COVID-19 in Germany: a cross-sectional pilot study. Front Med (Lausanne), 10, 1145651. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1145651
  21. Houshmandi, S., Rezaei, E., Hatami, J., & Molaei, B. (2019). E-learning readiness among faculty members of medical sciences universities and provide strategies to improve it. Research and Development in Medical Education, 8(2), 105-112.
  22. Jafari, M., Laei, S., Kavyani, E., & Jalali, R. (2020). Exploring the Components of the Research Empowerment Program of the Faculty Members of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran Based on the CIPP Model: A Qualitative Study. Educational Research in Medical Sciences, 9(2).
  23. Jin, Y. Q., Lin, C. L., Zhao, Q., Yu, S. W., & Su, Y. S. (2021). A Study on Traditional Teaching Method Transferring to E-Learning Under the Covid-19 Pandemic: From Chinese Students' Perspectives. Front Psychol, 12, 632787. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.632787
  24. Junus, K., Santoso, H. B., Putra, P. O. H., Gandhi, A., & Siswantining, T. (2021). Lecturer readiness for online classes during the pandemic: A survey research. Education Sciences, 11(3), 139.
  25. Kentnor, H. E. (2015). Distance education and the evolution of online learning in the United States. Curriculum and teaching dialogue, 17(1), 21-34.
  26. Khanipoor, F., Amini, M., & Bazrafcan, L. (2017). Evaluation of educational program in the Master of Medical Education by Eisner's educational connoisseurship and criticism model. Journal of education and health promotion, 6.
  27. Kituyi G, T. I. (2013). A framework for the integration of e-learning in higher education institutions in developing countries International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 9 (2), 19-36.
  28. Landa, E., Zhu, C., & Sesabo, J. (2020). Managerial Aspects for Deployment of E-Learning Technologies: A Literature Review of Selected Themes. European Journal of Teaching and Education, 2(2), 107-121.
  29. Lee, W. W., & Owens, D. L. (2004). Multimedia-based instructional design: computer-based training, web-based training, distance broadcast training, performance-based solutions. John Wiley & Sons.
  30. Lindquist, T., & Long, H. (2011). How can educational technology facilitate student engagement with online primary sources? A user needs assessment. Library Hi Tech.
  31. Mariani, A. W., Terra, R. M., & Pêgo-Fernandes, P. M. (2012). E-Learning: from useful to indispensable tool. Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 130(6), 357-359.
  32. Meggs, S. M., Greer, A., & Collins, S. (2012). Virtual reality in interior design education: Enhanced outcomes through constructivist engagement in Second Life. International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies (IJWLTT), 7(1), 19-35.
  33. Mirzaei, K. (2015). Exploring the effective elements of e-learning development in Iran's higher education system. JOURNAL OF TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES, 3(4).
  34. Mumtaz, S. (2000). Factors affecting teachers' use of information and communications technology: a review of the literature. Journal of information technology for teacher education, 9(3), 319-342.
  35. Naciri, A., Radid, M., Kharbach, A., & Chemsi, G. (2021). E-learning in health professions education during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. J Educ Eval Health Prof, 18, 27. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.27
  36. Najimi, A., Yamani, N., & Soleimani, B. (2017). Needs assessment of virtual training development: Assessment of the level of readiness at faculties of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 17, 70-76.
  37. O'Doherty, D., Dromey, M., Lougheed, J., Hannigan, A., Last, J., & McGrath, D. (2018). Barriers and solutions to online learning in medical education - an integrative review. BMC Med Educ, 18(1), 130. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1240-0
  38. Paloff RM, P. K. (2011). The excellent online instructor: Strategies for professional development. Jossey Bass.
  39. Perlman, R. L., Christner, J., Ross, P. T., & Lypson, M. L. (2014). A successful faculty development program for implementing a sociocultural ePortfolio assessment tool. Acad Med, 89(2), 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000120
  40. Piskurich, G. M. (2003). The AMA handbook of e-learning. Amacom.
  41. Rafiqah M. Rafiq K, M. Y. S. M. (2022). Re-envisioning Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Online Teaching Readiness of English for Foreign Language Pre-service Teachers in Language Teacher Education. Frontier in Phisiology, 13.
  42. S, D. (2019). Transfer of Training Aircraft Maintenance: Perceptions of Blended Learning Impact, Arizona State university].
  43. Salmi, J. (2011). The road to academic excellence: Lessons of experience. The road to academic excellence: The making of world-class research universities, 323-347.
  44. Sindiani, A. M., Obeidat, N., Alshdaifat, E., Elsalem, L., Alwani, M. M., Rawashdeh, H., Fares, A. S., Alalawne, T., & Tawalbeh, L. I. (2020). Distance education during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study among medical students in North of Jordan. Ann Med Surg (Lond), 59, 186-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.036
  45. Valentine, D. (2002). Distance learning: Promises, problems, and possibilities. Online J Dist Learn Admin, 5(3).
  46. Vesely, P., Bloom, L., & Sherlock, J. (2007). Key elements of building online community: Comparing faculty and student perceptions. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 3(3), 234-246.
  47. WD, M. (2000). Online education in school [Electronic version]. Int J Educ Manag 14, 315–324.
  48. Zhu, C., & Zayim-Kurtay, M. (2018). University governance and academic leadership: perceptions of European and Chinese university staff and perceived need for capacity building. European Journal of Higher Education, 8(4), 435-452.