Article Sidebar

Submitted
May 13, 2020
Accepted
Aug 27, 2020
Published
Sep 24, 2020
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 796 Download : 549

Main Article Content

Abstract

Several studies have focused on Visual Perspective Taking (from here on out “PT”). PT refer to the capacity to elaborate space from different perspectives. Research results led to the hypothesis that such an ability constitutes a milestone in the development of an individual’s social skills, more specifically empathy, whose full development is at the basis of numerous school-related competencies. Even the national educational system seems to recognise the central role of the development of such skill in students’ learning. To date, there is a lack of studies and teaching methods specifically designed to favour an adequate development of PT. The objective of this paper is to present the results of the validation of an edugame specifically designed to measure and promote the PT skill development.

Keywords

Didactics Edugame Simplexity Perspective Taking

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The author declares that the submitted to Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society (Je-LKS) is original and that is has neither been published previously nor is currently being considered for publication elsewhere.
The author agrees that SIe-L (Italian Society of e-Learning) has the right to publish the material sent for inclusion in the journal Je-LKS.
The author agree that articles may be published in digital format (on the Internet or on any digital support and media) and in printed format, including future re-editions, in any language and in any license including proprietary licenses, creative commons license or open access license. SIe-L may also use parts of the work to advertise and promote the publication.
The author declares s/he has all the necessary rights to authorize the editor and SIe-L to publish the work.
The author assures that the publication of the work in no way infringes the rights of third parties, nor violates any penal norms and absolves SIe-L from all damages and costs which may result from publication.

The author declares further s/he has received written permission without limits of time, territory, or language from the rights holders for the free use of all images and parts of works still covered by copyright, without any cost or expenses to SIe-L.

For all the information please check the Ethical Code of Je-LKS, available at http://www.je-lks.org/index.php/ethical-code

How to Cite
Di Tore, S., Aiello, P., Sibilio, M., & Berthoz, A. (2020). Simplex didactics: promoting transversal learning through the training of perspective taking. Journal of E-Learning and Knowledge Society, 16(3), 34-49. https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/1135259

References

  1. Aichhorn, M., Perner, J., Kronbichler, M., Staffen, W., & Ladurner, G. (2006). Do visual perspective tasks need theory of mind?. Neuroimage, 30(3), 1059-1068.
  2. Beery, K. E., & Buktenica, N. A. (1982). Administration, scoring, and teaching manual for the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration. Cleveland, OH: Modern Curriculum Press.
  3. Beilin, H., & Pufall, P. B. (Eds.). (2013). Piaget’s theory: Prospects and possibilities. Psychology Press. 24(8).
  4. Bender, L. (1938). Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test: Test Cards and Manual of Instructions. American Orthopsychiatric Association.
  5. Berthoz, A. (2006). Perceiving others in action/La perception d'autrui en action. Shaun Gallagher,10-27.
  6. Berthoz, A. (2011). La semplessità. Torino: Codice.
  7. Berthoz, A., & Ferraresi, S. (2015). La vicarianza. Il nostro cervello creatore di mondi. Torino: Codice.
  8. Burns, S. M., & Brainerd, C. J. (1979). Effects of constructive and dramatic play on perspective taking in very young children. Developmental Psychology, 15(5), 512.
  9. Cahill, L. (2006). Why sex matters for neuroscience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(6), 477.
  10. Chase, W. G. (1983). Spatial representations of taxi drivers. In The acquisition of symbolic skills (pp. 391-405). Springer, Boston, MA.
  11. Cornoldi, C., & Vecchi, T. (2004). Visuo-spatial working memory and individual differences. Psychology Press.
  12. Cox, M. V. (1977). Perspective ability: The conditions of change. Child Development, 1724-1727.
  13. Cox, M. V. (1978). The development of perspective-taking ability in children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1(3), 247-254.
  14. David, N., Bewernick, B. H., Cohen, M. X., Newen, A., Lux, S., Fink, G. R. & Vogeley, K. (2006). Neural representations of self versus other: visual-spatial perspective taking and agency in a virtual ball-tossing game. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 18(6), 898-910.
  15. Dawson, G., & Fernald, M. (1987). Perspective-taking ability and its relationship to the social behavior of autistic children. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 17(4), 487-498.
  16. De Beni, R., Pazzaglia, F., & Gardini, S. (2006). The role of mental rotation and age in spatial perspective‐taking tasks: when age does not impair perspective‐taking performance. Applied cognitive psychology, 20(6), 807-821.
  17. Di Tore, P. A. (2014). Perception of space, empathy and cognitive processes: Design of a video game for the measurement of perspective taking skills. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 9(7), 23-29.
  18. Dünser, A., Steinbügl, K., Kaufmann, H., & Glück, J. (2006, July). Virtual and augmented reality as spatial ability training tools. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCHI New Zealand chapter's international conference on Computer-human interaction: design centered HCI (pp. 125-132). ACM.
  19. Flavell, J. H. (2000). Development of children's knowledge about the mental world. International journal of behavioral development, 24(1), 15-23.
  20. Flavell, J.H., Everett, B.A., Croft, K., Flavell, E.R., 1981. Young children’s knowledge about visual perception: further evidence for the Level 1 – Level 2 distinction. Dev. Psychol. 17, 99-103.
  21. Foreman, N., Gillet, R. (1997), A handbook of spatial research paradigms and methodologies: Spatial cognition in the child and adult, Vol. 1, Psychology Press, East Sussex.
  22. Girelli, L., Alivernini, F., Salvatore, S., Cozzolino, M., Sibilio, M., & Lucidi, F. (2018). Coping with the first exams: Motivation, autonomy support and perceived control predict the performance of first-year university students. Journal of Educational Cultural and Psychological Studies, (18), 165-185.
  23. Grön, G., Wunderlich, A. P., Spitzer, M., Tomczak, R., & Riepe, M. W. (2000). Brain activation during human navigation: gender-different neural networks as substrate of performance. Nature neuroscience, 3(4), 404.
  24. Gzesh, S. M., & Surber, C. F. (1985). Visual perspective-taking skills in children. Child development, 1204-1213.
  25. Hegarty, M., & Waller, D. (2004). A dissociation between mental rotation and perspective-taking spatial abilities. Intelligence, 32(2), 175-191.
  26. Howlin, P., Baron-Cohen, S., & Hadwin, J. (1999). Teaching children with autism to mind-read: A practical guide for teachers and parents. Chichester: J. Wiley & Sons.
  27. Kessler, K., & Wang, H. (2012). Spatial perspective taking is an embodied process, but not for everyone in the same way: differences predicted by sex and social skills score. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 12(2-3), 133-158.
  28. Knoll, M., & Charman, T. (2000). Teaching false belief and visual perspective taking skills in young children: Can a theory of mind be trained?. Child Study Journal, 30(4), 273-273.
  29. Kozhevnikov, M., & Hegarty, M. (2001). A dissociation between object-manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability. Memory and Cognition, 29, 745-756.
  30. Kurdek, L. A., & Rodgon, M. M. (1975). Perceptual, cognitive, and affective perspective taking in kindergarten through sixth-grade children. Developmental Psychology, 11(5), 643-650.
  31. Lambrey, S., & Berthoz, A. (2007). Gender differences in the use of external landmarks versus spatial representations updated by self-motion. Journal of integrative neuroscience, 6(3), 379-401.
  32. Lambrey, S., Amorim, M. A., Samson, S., Noulhiane, M., Hasboun, D., Dupont, S., Baulac, M., & Berthoz, A. (2008). Distinct visual perspective-taking strategies involve the left and right medial temporal lobe structures differently. Brain, 131(2), 523-534.
  33. Langdon, R., & Coltheart, M. (2001). Visual perspective-taking and schizotypy: evidence for a simulation-based account of mentalizing in normal adults. Cognition, 82(1), 1-26.
  34. Langdon, R., Coltheart, M., & Ward, P. (2006). Empathetic perspective-taking is impaired in schizophrenia: evidence from a study of emotion attribution and theory of mind. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 11(2), 133-155.
  35. Maguire, E. A., Frackowiak, R. S., & Frith, C. D. (1997). Recalling routes around London: activation of the right hippocampus in taxi drivers. Journal of neuroscience, 17(18), 7103-7110.
  36. Maguire, E. A., Gadian, D. G., Johnsrude, I. S., Good, C. D., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(8), 4398-4403.
  37. Maguire, E. A., Nannery, R., & Spiers, H. J. (2006). Navigation around London by a taxi driver with bilateral hippocampal lesions. Brain, 129(11), 2894-2907.
  38. Maguire, E. A., Spiers, H. J., Good, C. D., Hartley, T., Frackowiak, R. S., & Burgess, N. (2003). Navigation expertise and the human hippocampus: a structural brain imaging analysis. Hippocampus, 13(2), 250-259.
  39. Masangkay, Z.S., McCluskey, K.A., McIntyre, C.W., Sims-Knight, J., Vaughn, B.E., Flavell, J.H., 1974. The early development of inferences about the visual percepts of others. Child Dev. 45, 357-366.
  40. Oswald, P. A. (1996). The effects of cognitive and affective perspective taking on empathic concern and altruistic helping. The Journal of social psychology, 136(5), 613-623.
  41. Peters, M., Laeng, B., Latham, K., Jackson, M., Zaiyouna, R., & Richardson, C. (1995). A redrawn Vandenberg and Kuse mental rotations test-different versions and factors that affect performance. Brain and cognition, 28(1), 39-58.
  42. Piaget, J. (1972). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood. Human development, 15(1), 1-12.
  43. Reed, T., & Peterson, C. (1990). A comparative study of autistic subjects' performance at two levels of visual and cognitive perspective taking. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 20(4).
  44. Rivoltella, P. C. (2014). La previsione. Neuroscienze, apprendimento, didattica (pp. 5-134). Brescia: La scuola.
  45. Rosen, C. E. (1974). The effects of sociodramatic play on problem-solving behavior among culturally disadvantaged preschool children. Child development, 920-927.
  46. Ruby, P., & Decety, J. (2001). Effect of subjective perspective taking during simulation of action: a PET investigation of agency. Nature neuroscience, 4(5), 546-550.
  47. Ruby, P., & Decety, J. (2003). What do you believe vs. what do you think they believe: a neuroimaging study of conceptual perspective-taking. Eur. J. Neurosci. 17, 1-6.
  48. Ruby, P., & Decety, J. (2004). How would you feel versus how do you think she would feel? A neuroimaging study of perspective-taking with social emotions. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 16, 988-999.
  49. Sibilio, M. (2014). La didattica semplessa. Napoli: Liguori.
  50. Sibilio, M. (2017). Simplexité et vicariance en didactique. In A. Minzoni & É. Mounoud (eds.), Actes du Colloque “Simplexité et modèles opérationnels” (pp. 183-202). Paris: CNRS Édition.
  51. Surtees, A. D., & Apperly, I. A. (2012). Egocentrism and automatic perspective taking in children and adults. Child development, 83(2), 452-460.
  52. Trisciuzzi, L., & Zappaterra, T. (2014). La dislessia: una didattica speciale per le difficoltà nella lettura, Milano: Guerini.
  53. Underwood, B., & Moore, B. (1982). Perspective-taking and altruism. Psychological bulletin, 91(1), 143.
  54. Vogeley, K., Bussfeld, P., Newen, A., Herrmann, S., Happe´, F., Falkai, P., Maier, W., Shah, N.J., Fink, G.R., Zilles, K., 2001. Mind reading: neural mechanisms of theory of mind and self-perspective. NeuroImage 14, 170-181.
  55. Vogeley, K., May, M., Ritzl, A., Falkai, P., Zilles, K., Fink, G.R., 2004. Neural correlates of first-person perspective as one constituent of human self-consciousness. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 16, 817-827.