Main Article Content

Abstract

This study aimed to understand the differences in the perception of male and female students in adopting Open Educational Resources based on the Technology Acceptance Model. A quantitative survey method was adopted to collect data from 322 students enrolled in a private university in Karnataka, India. Except for registering and enrolling on OER sites, the study did not find any digital gender differences in terms of usefulness, ease of use, and behavioral intention in adopting OERs among students.

Keywords

Online Educational Resources Digital Gender Divide Technology Acceptance Model Usefulness Ease of Use Behavioral Intention Technology Adoption

Article Details

How to Cite
Shettigar, P. M., Kamath, G., & Mallya, J. (2023). Digital gender divide and adoption of open educational resources. Journal of E-Learning and Knowledge Society, 19(4), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/1135764

References

  1. Acilar, A., & Sæbø, Ø. (2023). ‘Towards understanding the gender digital divide: A systematic literature review. Global Knowledge’, Memory and Communication, 72(3), 233–249.
  2. Ajzen, I. (1987). Attitudes, Traits, and Actions: Dispositional Prediction of Behavior in Personality and Social Psychology. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 20, pp. 1–63. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60411-6.
  3. Banzato, M. (2012). Barriers to teacher educators seeking, creating and sharing open educational resources: An empirical study of the use of OER in education in Italy. 2012 15th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning, ICL 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICL.2012.6402105
  4. Chakrabarthy, R. (2022). Online learning trends in India reveal how the future is female - Education Today News, India today. Available at: https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/featurephilia/story/online-learning-trends-women-in-india-coursera-report-1921852-2022-03-08 (Accessed: 31 March 2022).
  5. Cheung, S.K.S. (2018). ‘Perceived Usefulness of Open Educational Resources Between Full-Time and Distance-Learning Students’, in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). Springer Verlag, pp. 357–367. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-94505-7_29.
  6. Cheung, S.K.S. (2019). ‘A study on the university students’ use of open educational resources for learning purposes’, in Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer, Singapore, pp. 146-155. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-9895-7_13.
  7. Cheung, S.K.S. (2021). ‘Implication on Perceived Usefulness of Open Educational Resources After a Rapid Switch to Online Learning Mode’, in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 298–308. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-80504-3_25.
  8. Chowdhury, S., & Chakraborty, P. pratim (2017). Universal health coverage ‑ There is more to it than meets the eye. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 6(2), pp. 169-170. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc.
  9. Colley, A., & Comber, C. (2003). Age and gender differences in computer use and attitudes among secondary school students: What has changed?. Educational Research, 45(2), pp. 155-165. doi: 10.1080/0013188032000103235.
  10. Das, A. (2011). Emergence of open educational resources (OER) in India and its impact on lifelong learning. Library Hi Tech News, 28(5), pp. 10–15. doi: 10.1108/07419051111163848.
  11. Davis, F.D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 13(3), pp. 319-339. doi: 10.2307/249008.
  12. Dutta, I. (2016). Open educational resources (OER): Opportunities and challenges for Indian higher education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 17(2), pp. 110-121. doi: 10.17718/TOJDE.34669.
  13. Facts and figures (2021). Retrieved December 27, 2023, Available at: https://www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/2021/11/15/the-gender-digital-divide. (Accessed: 27th December 2023).
  14. Fakhrudin, I. A., Karyanto, P., & Ramli, M. (2018). Behavioral intention and its relationship with gender: A study of green school students in Surakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing, p. 012043. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1022/1/012043.
  15. Global GLOW Team (2021). Bridging the Digital Divide: Girls’ Lack of Access to Technology in India, Global Girls Glow. Available at: https://globalgirlsglow.org/bridging-the-digital-divide-girls-lack-of-access-to-technology-in-india/ (Accessed: 30 March 2022).
  16. GSMA Connected Women (2019). The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2021 | Mobile for Development, GSMA. Available at: https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/resources/mobile-gender-gap-report-2019/ (Accessed: 31 March 2022).
  17. Hargittai, E., & Shafer, S. (2006). Differences in actual and perceived online skills: The role of gender’, Social Science Quarterly, 87(2), pp. 432-448. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00389.x.
  18. Hilton, J. (2016). Open educational resources and college textbook choices: a review of research on efficacy and perceptions. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64(4), pp. 573-590. doi: 10.1007/s11423-016-9434-9.
  19. Houle, P.A. (1996). Toward understanding student differences in a computer skills course. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 14(1), pp. 25–48. doi: 10.2190/C06X-G9UQ-6BUB-YPTY.
  20. Huang, R. et al. (2020). Disrupted classes, undisrupted learning during COVID-19 outbreak in China: application of open educational practices and resources. Smart Learning Environments, 7(19), pp. 1-15.
  21. Imhof, M., Vollmeyer, R., & Beierlein, C. (2007). Computer use and the gender gap: The issue of access, use, motivation, and performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(6), pp. 2823-2837. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2006.05.007.
  22. Jennings, S.E., & Onwuegbuzie, A.J. (2001). Computer attitudes as a function of age, gender, math attitude, and developmental status. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 25(4), pp. 367-384. doi: 10.2190/WH2L-BBVB-DTPG-UG7R.
  23. Kumar, A., & Singh, M. (2019). Exploring the use and practice of Open Educational Resources (OERs) in social science discipline with special reference to University of Delhi, Delhi- Library Philosophy and Practice.
  24. Maharaj, N. G., Upadhyay, A.U., & Trivadi, M.J. (2021). SWOT Analysis of the Role of Open Educational Resources in Future Education with Special Reference to Open University Library and Librarian, Library Philosophy and Practice.
  25. Mallya, J., & Lakshminarayanan, S. (2017). Factors influencing usage of internet for academic purposes using technology acceptance model. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology, 37(2), pp. 119-124. doi: 10.14429/djlit.37.2.10694.
  26. Mallya, J., Lakshminarayanan, S., & Payini, V. (2019). Self-efficacy as an antecedent to students’ behavioral intention to use the Internet for academic purposes: A structural equation modeling approach, Library Philosophy and Practice.
  27. Manisha, & Bandyopadhyay, T. (2009). A case study on content sharing by leveraging Open Educational Resources framework. International Workshop on Technology for Education, T4E’09, pp. 116–119. doi: 10.1109/T4E.2009.5314101.
  28. Manju, & Bhatt, S. (2021). Impact Of Open Educational Resources Among The Students And Research Scholars In Delhi. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2021, pp. 1-19.
  29. Midha, M., & Kumar, J. (2021). Users Awareness and Usage of Open Educational Resources in Central Universities of North India. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 42(1), pp. 47-56. doi: 10.14429/DJLIT.42.1.17304.
  30. Midha, M., & Kumar, J. (2022). Users Awareness and Usage of Open Educational Resources in Central Universities of North India. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 42(1), pp. 47-56. doi: 10.14429/DJLIT.42.1.17304.
  31. Nazari, M., & Abdekhoda, M. (2021). Effective factors in adopting electronic books by students in electronic era. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology, 41(2), pp. 88-93. doi: 10.14429/djlit.41.02.16009.
  32. OECD (2018). Bridging the Digital Gender Divide: Include, Upskill, Innovate., Online publication.
  33. Ortinau, D.J. et al. (1989) .The Use of Importance-Performance Analysis for Improving the Quality of Marketing Education: Interpreting Faculty-Course Evaluations. Journal of Marketing Education, 11(2), pp. 78-86. doi: 10.1177/027347538901100213.
  34. Saha, S. R., & OhidurZaman, M. (2017). Gender Digital Divide in Higher Education: A Study on University of Barisal, Bangladesh. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22(1), pp. 11-17.
  35. Sharov, S. et al. (2021). Analysis of Developers of Online Courses on Ukrainian Platforms of MOOC. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(5), pp. 201-213. doi: 10.3991/ijet.v16i05.18581.
  36. Sieverding, M., & Koch, S. C. (2009). Self-Evaluation of computer competence: How gender matters. Computers and Education, 52(3), pp. 696-701. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2008.11.016.
  37. Singh, S.S., & Ram, M. (2022). Awareness and use of open educational resources among the research scholars of kurukshetra university, haryana, india. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal).
  38. Tang, H., Lin, Y.J., & Qian, Y. (2020). Understanding K-12 teachers’ intention to adopt open educational resources: A mixed methods inquiry. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(6), pp. 2558-2572. doi: 10.1111/bjet.12937.
  39. Tang, H., Lin, Y.J., & Qian, Y. (2021). Improving K-12 Teachers’ Acceptance of Open Educational Resources by Open Educational Practices: A Mixed Methods Inquiry. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(6), pp. 3209-3232. doi: 10.1007/s11423-021-10046-z.
  40. UNESCO (2021). Open Licensing of Educational Resources, UNESCO. Available at: https://unevoc.unesco.org/home/Open+Licensing+of+Educational+Resources&context= (Accessed: 30 March 2022).
  41. Upneja, S.K. (2020). Contribution of library professionals and libraries in open educational resources in Indian scenario. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology, 40(2), pp. 445-451. doi: 10.14429/DJLIT.40.02.15339.
  42. USAID (2020). COVID-19 and the Gender Digital Divide, Available at: https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/digital-development/covid-19/gender-digital-divide. (Accessed: 27th December 2023)
  43. Vekiri, I., & Chronaki, A. (2008). Gender issues in technology use: Perceived social support, computer self-efficacy and value beliefs, and computer use beyond school. Computers and Education, 51(3), pp. 1392-1404. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2008.01.003.
  44. West, M., Kraut, R., & Ei Chew, H. (2019). I'd blush if I could: closing gender divides in digital skills through education. UNESCO: Equals skills coalition.